?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ! ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????????. ?????? ?????| ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?

??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. [5] Arabic literature at the moment reverted to its state in al-Jahiliyyah, with markets like Kinasa near Kufa and Mirbad [ar] in close proximity to Basra, where poetry in praise and admonishment of political events and tribes was r